Establishing a unified emergency medical service in Latvia

Latvia’s 39 separate emergency service organizations were merged to form the single, centralized State Emergency Medical Service; implementing a unified structure for the provision of prehospital emergency medical services reduced fragmentation, standardized care and improved the coordination of services; formalizing provider training and education embedded new practices as the professional norm and helped ensure high-quality care delivery according to the guidelines in place; strong national leadership, along with a clear narrative and communication plan, helped gain stakeholder support for the initiative; widespread population support was secured by making services available free of charge.

Using medical trains to improve access to health services across Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan was ranked among countries with the lowest life expectancy in the WHO European Region; health professionals were distributed inequitably across the country and geographic disparities in health status were seen between rural and urban populations.

The concept of transport medicine was conceived: Using the country’s existing transportation infrastructure, a series of trains now travel to stations across the country to provide health services to rural populations; aligning the initiative with overarching health system reforms (the State Health Care Development Programme for 2011–2015 “Salamatty Kazakhstan”), and gaining cross-sector buy-in from the government, helped to support implementation of medical trains; building upon existing infrastructure helped to alleviate the burden of additional resources in the setup and rollout of the initiative; solutions for population health problems were based in a strong understanding of current challenges and were adapted to population and geographic contexts.

Access and utilisation of primary health care services comparing urban and rural areas of Riyadh Providence, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has seen an increase in chronic  diseases. International evidence suggest that early intervention is the best approach to reduce the burden of chronic disease. However, the limited research available suggests that health care access remains unequal, with rural populations having the poorest access to and utilisation of primary health care centres and, consequently, the poorest health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the access to and utilisation of primary health care centres in urban and rural areas of Riyadh province of the KSA. 

The Vanguard of Community-based Integrated Care in Japan: The Effect of a Rural Town on National Policy

Japan has the largest percentage of elderly people in the world. In 2012 the government implemented a community-based integrated care system which provides seamless community helahtcare resources for elderly people with chronic diseases and disabilities. This paper explains the establishment and outcomes of Japan´s first community-based integrated care system in the rural town because the history of Mitsugi could inform policy making in other countries with aging populations. 

Utilization of community-based health planning and services compounds in the Kintampo North Municipality: a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study

The Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) initiative was introduced to improve coverage and utilization of basic health services for people in remote rural communities whose use of orthodox health services was hitherto limited by distance. So the objectives of this study were to examine the extent of patronage of CHPS compounds in the Kintampo North Municipality , factors associated with their use and challenges faced by community members regarding the use of these facilities. 

What improves access to primary healthcare services in rural communities? A systematic review

To compile key strategies from the international experiences to improve access to primary healthcare (PHC) services in rural communities. Different innovative approaches have been practiced in different parts of the world to improve access to essential healthcare services in rural communities. Systematically collecting and combining best experiences all over the world is important to suggest effective strategies to improve access to healthcare in developing countries. Accordingly, this systematic review of literature was undertaken to identify key approaches from international experiences to enhance access to PHC services in rural communities.